![]() ![]() Decide to which category your source belongs.When you need to cite a source, follow these steps: American Psychological Association of America.īelow are a list of some of the most commonly used citation categories and examples of what information should be included in that citation, as well as how the information should be arranged. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th Ed. Upper Saddle River.Return to all guides APA Style Quick-GuideĪdapted from: American Psychological Association. ![]() Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The information written on this page has been excerpted from the handbooks: Hacker, D. ExampleĪ growing body of research had indicated that variations of electrical activity from the brain can be used to identify a person's manner of processing information (e.g., Davidson & Schwartz, 1977 Doktor & Bloom, 1977). To list these studies, put e.g., followed by the studies listed alphabetically by author's last name. By including these studies in your text, you allow the reader to find other studies if they need more information. In APA, you can list relevant studies even if you do not discuss them. The second passage was a 161-word poem by Richard Eberhart titled “Seals, Terns, Time” (as cited in Brown & Milstead, 1975). In the Smith (as cited in Miller, 1996) study, the researcher discovered some positive evidence. If you do not mention the secondary source in the text, put the secondary source author(s) followed by “as cited in” and then list the primary source. ![]() If you mention the secondary source in the text, put “as cited in” followed by the primary source. 72) Citation of a Work Discussed in a Secondary Source For a variety of reasons, the system attempts to maintain stability and resist temporal change. Jet lag syndrome is the inability of the internal body rhythm to rapidly resynchronize after sudden shifts in the timing. Jet lag is a common problem among those who travel great distances by jet airplane to different time zones: Long quotations are block indented ten spaces quotation marks are omitted no period is used after the citation. Other Citations Quotation Forty Words or Longer Exampleīinkley (1990) reports reductions in SAD-related “depression in 87 percent of patients” (p. The page number will be in parentheses immediately following the quotation. When the author's name will be incorporated into the words introducing the quotation, the date is placed immediately after the author's name. 203) reverses the findings of earlier studies. ExampleĪ recent report of reductions in SAD-related “depression in 87 percent of patients” (Binkley, 1990, p. Put the name, date, and the page reference in parentheses immediately following the quotation. In APA, the citation of a direct quote not only includes the author and date, but also the page reference. People from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other (Morris, 1977). Note that you have to cite the source here even though you are not using a direct quote. Put the name of the author and date of publication whenever you paraphrase material. The signal phrase allows you to:ĭesmond Morris (1977) notes that people from the Mediterranean prefer an elbow-to-shoulder distance from each other. ![]() You can introduce the material being cited with a signal phrase that includes the author's name. Citations of Paraphrases Author Named in a Signal Phrase The exception is when you have more than one work by the same author. If you refer to a work more than once in a paragraph, give the author name and date at first mention and then give only the name after that. Otherwise, put this information into parentheses. You can often incorporate the relevant name, and sometimes the year, into your sentence. The APA's in-text citations identify a source by a name (usually an author name) and a year (for print sources, usually the copyright year). ![]()
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